THE GRAVITY OF TOBACCO SMUGGLING. PREDICTING BILATERAL ILLICIT CIGARETTE FLOWS FROM AGGREGATE DATA

From cigarette smuggling to illicit tobacco trade.

BACKGROUND Tax policy is considered the most effective strategy to reduce tobacco consumption and prevalence. Tax avoidance and tax evasion therefore undermine the effectiveness of tax policies and result in less revenue for governments, cheaper prices for smokers and increased tobacco use. Tobacco smuggling and illicit tobacco trade have probably always existed, since tobacco's introduction as...

Case studies in international tobacco surveillance: cigarette smuggling in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE This article is the first in a series of international case studies developed by the American Cancer Society to illustrate use of publicly available surveillance data for regional tobacco control. DESIGN A descriptive analysis of Brazil and Paraguay cigarette production and trade data from official sources. METHODS Per capita cigarette consumption for Brazil and its neighbour was ...

The “Ultimate Prize” for Big Tobacco: Opening the Chinese Cigarette Market by Cigarette Smuggling

China has long been identifi ed as the most important international cigarette market, now and in the future— O'Sullivan and Chapman called China the " ultimate prize " among the world's emerging tobacco markets [1]. Almost two-thirds of Chinese men (63%), and 3.8% of Chinese women, are smokers [2], giving a total of 350 million smokers in China, with more on the way. Young Chinese women are lik...

Tobacco Smuggling

sanctions, smuggling, and the cigarette: the granting of iran ofac licenses to big tobacco

this paper seeks to understand the politician economy implications of nicotine addiction in iran, focusing on the us office of foreign asset control’s (ofac) awarding of iran operations licenses to american tobacco companies. presuming that tobacco taxes, levied both as import duties and ad valorem, would financially benefit the iranian government, such the introduction of a highly desired us p...